Dachshund Breed Information

Welcome to our complete Dachshund breed information guide. These charming dogs, with their elongated bodies, short legs, and lively personalities, consistently rank among America’s top 10 most popular breeds. Their playful nature and adaptable temperament make them beloved companions in homes across the world.

Whether you’re considering adding a “wiener dog” to your family or simply want to learn more about this distinctive breed, our comprehensive dachshund breed information covers everything from their badger-hunting origins to their care needs, dachshund temperament traits, and health considerations. 

Join us as we explore what makes these little dogs with big personalities such special companions.

Dachshund History

The history of the dachshund dog breed begins in 15th century Germany, where they were developed to hunt badgers. Their name translates to “badger dog” in German—reflecting their original purpose. Their distinctive body was perfectly designed for their job: short legs to enter burrows, long bodies to navigate tunnels, large paws for digging, and deep chests for stamina during hunts.

German foresters refined the breed by the 18th century, creating size variations for different prey—standard for badgers and boars, smaller versions for foxes and rabbits. Their coat variations developed through crosses with spaniels and terriers.

Dachshunds gained popularity across Europe, even in royal courts. They reached America by 1885 and were registered with the AKC. Despite brief popularity dips during World Wars I and II due to their German association, they’ve remained among America’s top ten breeds since the 1950s.

Physical Characteristics

The dachshund’s distinctive appearance sets it apart from any other breed. With their long, low bodies and short legs, these dogs were perfectly designed for their original purpose—burrowing into tunnels to hunt badgers and other small game.

Size and Weight

Dachshund size dachshund weight varies based on classification, with two officially recognized varieties: Standard and Miniature. Standard Dachshunds typically stand 8-9 inches tall at the shoulder and weigh between 16-32 pounds. Miniature Dachshunds are smaller, measuring under 6 inches tall and weighing 11 pounds or less. Some breeders use the informal term “Tweenie” for dachshunds that fall between these weight ranges (11-16 pounds).

Despite their small stature, dachshunds possess a surprisingly sturdy build. Their compact frame features a deep chest that extends below their elbows, providing ample room for heart and lungs—essential for a hunting dog that needed stamina. Their bodies are muscular and elongated, typically with a length-to-height ratio of about 2:1, giving them their characteristic “hot dog” appearance.

Coat and Colors

Dachshunds come in three distinct coat types, each with unique care requirements and slight temperament differences:

1. Smooth-coated – These have short, shiny coats that require minimal grooming. They’re the most common variety in the United States.
2. Long-haired – Featuring sleek, slightly wavy fur that’s longer on the ears, chest, legs, and tail. Their silky coat requires more frequent brushing to prevent mats.
3. Wire-haired – These dogs have a short, thick, rough topcoat with a softer undercoat. They sport distinctive beards and eyebrows, giving them a charming, slightly scruffy appearance.

The array of dachshund dog colors is impressive. The breed standard recognizes single-colored dachshunds (often red or cream), two-colored patterns (like black and tan or chocolate and tan), and various patterns including:

• Dapple (merle pattern with lighter areas on a darker base)
• Double dapple (dapple pattern plus white markings)
• Brindle (dark stripes on a lighter base)
• Piebald (clearly defined white and colored patches)
• Sable (dark overlay on lighter base color)

Distinctive Features

Beyond their iconic long body and short legs, dachshunds possess several other distinctive features. Their heads are elongated but proportional, with an alert, intelligent expression. Their dark, almond-shaped eyes convey a range of emotions from playful to determined. Long, floppy ears frame their face, while their nose is well-developed—a reminder of their scent-hound heritage.

Their tails extend straight from their spine, providing what hunters once used as a “handle” to pull them out of burrows. When alert or excited, dachshunds carry their tails high, almost like a flag.

Perhaps most surprising to those unfamiliar with the breed is their unusually large, paddle-shaped paws, perfect for efficient digging. Combined with their deep bark (which sounds like it comes from a much larger dog), these features represent the functional design of a breed developed for a specific hunting purpose.

Temperament and Personality

The dachshund personality blends courage, playfulness, and stubbornness that captivates dog lovers worldwide. Despite their small size, these former badger hunters maintain a bold spirit and determination in everything they do.

Dachshund temperament is best described as lively, brave, and clever. They form deep bonds with their owners, often attaching particularly to one family member. Their confidence sometimes borders on rashness—they’ll fearlessly approach larger dogs or investigate strange sounds, a trait from their hunting heritage.

Their intelligence comes with notable independence. Dachshunds have their own ideas about rules, making them both entertaining and occasionally challenging during training.

These natural watchdogs are vocal about visitors, and their hunting instincts manifest in keen scent-tracking during walks and occasional digging behavior.

How to manage a Dachshunds behavior

Learning how to manage a dachshund’s behavior requires understanding their key challenges: excessive barking, stubbornness, separation anxiety, and digging.

Combat barking by teaching a “quiet” command and providing sufficient exercise. For training success, use short, positive sessions with high-value treats—harsh corrections only increase stubbornness. Prevent separation anxiety through gradual conditioning to alone time and consistent departure routines.

Don’t fight their natural digging instinct; instead, provide an acceptable outlet. Early socialization is crucial to prevent fearfulness and reactivity with strangers or other animals.

Despite their independent nature, dachshunds thrive with routine and clear boundaries. Consistent rules help them understand expectations and reduce confusion-related behavior problems.

Care

Dachshunds require special attention in certain aspects of their care due to their unique build and potential health concerns.

Grooming

Grooming needs vary by coat type. All dachshunds are relatively clean without strong “doggy odor.”

Smooth-coated dachshunds need only weekly brushing and occasional baths—over-bathing can dry their skin.

Long-haired dachshunds require brushing 2-3 times weekly, focusing on areas prone to matting (ears, belly, legs). Use a pin brush followed by a comb to catch tangles.

Wire-haired dachshunds need the most care: regular brushing and professional “stripping” 2-3 times yearly. Their beards may need daily wiping.

All varieties need regular nail trimming (every 3-4 weeks), dental care (brush 2-3 times weekly), and ear cleaning to prevent infections. Start these routines early to build positive associations.

Exercise

Dachshunds need regular exercise despite their small size, but their unique body requires special consideration to protect their backs.

Aim for 30-45 minutes daily, divided into shorter sessions—two 15-20 minute walks on even terrain work well. Avoid steep hills that strain their backs.

Supervised play in secure areas and puzzle toys provide mental and physical stimulation. Games that engage hunting instincts, like fetch or hide-and-seek, are particularly enjoyable.

Most importantly, prevent back strain by discouraging jumping on/off furniture and stair use. Provide ramps or steps for furniture access, carry them on stairs, and never allow rough play that twists their spine. Swimming with supervision can be excellent low-impact exercise.

Diet and Nutrition

Proper nutrition forms the foundation of your Dachshund’s health. Their unique body structure means they need carefully measured portions to prevent obesity, which can lead to serious back problems.

Daily feeding guidelines:

• Standard Dachshund Adults – 2 meals totaling 1 to 1.5 cups daily
• Miniature Dachshund Adults – 2 meals totaling 1/4 to 1/2 cup daily
• Puppies (8-12 weeks) – 3-4 small meals totaling 1/3 to 2/3 cup
• Puppies (3-6 months) – 3 meals totaling 2/3 to 1 cup
• Puppies (6-12 months) – 2 meals totaling 3/4 to 1.5 cups

Choose food that provides:

• High-quality protein as the first ingredient
• Controlled fat content to prevent weight gain
• Joint-supporting nutrients like glucosamine and chondroitin
• Appropriate calorie density for their size
• Small kibble size for easier eating

Monitor weight regularly—you should feel ribs without pressing hard and see a visible waist from above. Avoid free-feeding and limit treats to 10% of daily calories. Consider joint supplements for seniors, and always consult your veterinarian before making significant dietary changes.

Training and Socialization

Dachshund training requires understanding their unique blend of intelligence and independence. These clever dogs grasp concepts quickly but often question why they should comply. Their hunting heritage contributes to both their intelligence and their occasional stubbornness.

Start training early in puppyhood when they’re most receptive to learning. Focus on positive reinforcement—dachshunds respond well to food rewards, praise, and play. Harsh corrections damage trust and only increase their stubborn tendencies.

• Keep sessions short (5-10 minutes) but frequent throughout the day
• Use high-value treats, saving special favorites for challenging behaviors
• Establish consistent boundaries and clear expectations
• Practice patience—their independent nature can test you

Housetraining often presents a particular challenge. Their small bladders combined with a sometimes willful nature can extend the process longer than with other breeds. Establish a strict schedule of outdoor breaks, especially after meals, naps, and play sessions. Consistent positive reinforcement for success and close supervision indoors helps prevent accidents.

Basic commands like sit, stay, and come are essential for safety. The “leave it” command is particularly valuable given their hunting instincts and tendency to chase small animals. Leash training deserves special attention, as their tracking instincts can lead to pulling when they catch an interesting scent.

• Start leash training in distraction-free environments
• Reward walking beside you frequently
• Practice the “leave it” command regularly

Early socialization is crucial for developing a well-adjusted dachshund. Expose your puppy to various people, environments, sounds, and other animals during their formative months (8-16 weeks). This critical period shapes their adult personality and helps prevent fearfulness or aggression. Puppy classes offer structured socialization while providing foundational training.

Dachshunds benefit from activities that engage both mind and body. Scent work taps into their natural abilities, while modified agility (protecting their backs) provides exercise. Even simple “find the treat” games satisfy their hunting instincts while providing mental stimulation.

Health

Dachshunds are generally robust dogs with a lifespan of 12-16 years, making them one of the longer-lived breeds. However, their unique body structure predisposes them to certain health concerns that potential owners should understand.

Lifespan and Life Stages

The lifespan of dachshund dogs averages between 12-16 years, with some living well into their late teens with proper care. Several factors influence dachshund life expectancy, including genetics, diet, exercise, preventative care, and management of breed-specific health issues.

Dachshunds progress through distinct life stages, each with specific care requirements. 

Puppyhood (birth to 12 months) is characterized by rapid growth and development. During this critical period, proper nutrition supports bone and muscle development, while gentle exercise builds strength without stressing growing joints. Avoid letting puppies jump from heights or navigate stairs, as their backs are particularly vulnerable.

Adult dachshunds (1-7 years) require consistent exercise, mental stimulation, and preventative healthcare to maintain optimal condition. Regular veterinary check-ups, dental care, and weight management form the foundation of adult health maintenance.

Senior dachshunds (8+ years) may slow down and develop age-related conditions like arthritis or decreased vision. Adjust their exercise routine to accommodate reduced mobility while still providing mental stimulation. More frequent veterinary visits help catch age-related issues early, and dietary adjustments support changing metabolic needs.

Health Issues

Dachshund Back Problems

Intervertebral Disc Disease (IVDD) represents the most significant health concern for dachshunds. Their long backs put them at higher risk for this condition, where the cushioning discs between vertebrae herniate or rupture, potentially causing pain, weakness, or even paralysis.

Signs of IVDD include reluctance to jump, pain when touched around the spine, walking with an arched back, or in severe cases, dragging the rear legs. Any such symptoms warrant immediate veterinary attention, as early intervention improves outcomes.

Prevention focuses on protecting the spine through lifestyle management:

• Use ramps or steps for accessing furniture
• Carry them up and down stairs
• Use a harness instead of a collar for walks
• Maintain a healthy weight to reduce spinal stress
• Avoid activities that twist or stress the back

While not all cases can be prevented, these measures significantly reduce risk. For dachshunds already diagnosed with IVDD, treatment ranges from strict rest and medication to surgery in severe cases, followed by physical rehabilitation.

Dachshund Eye Problems

Several eye conditions affect dachshunds throughout their lives. Progressive Retinal Atrophy (PRA) causes gradual vision loss, beginning with night blindness and potentially progressing to complete blindness. While there’s no cure, blind dachshunds adapt remarkably well using their other senses.

Cataracts, causing clouding of the eye lens, also occur in dachshunds, particularly as they age. Surgical removal can restore vision in appropriate cases.

Regular veterinary eye examinations help catch these conditions early. Watch for signs like bumping into objects, reluctance to move in dim light, cloudy appearance to the eyes, or unusual redness and discharge.

Dachshund Teeth Problems

Their small mouths and relatively crowded teeth make dachshunds prone to dental disease. Without proper care, they easily develop tartar buildup, gingivitis, and eventually periodontal disease, which can lead to tooth loss and affect overall health.

Establish a regular dental care routine early:

• Brush teeth 2-3 times weekly with dog-specific toothpaste
• Provide dental chews designed to reduce tartar
• Schedule professional dental cleanings as recommended by your veterinarian
• Check regularly for signs of dental problems like bad breath, difficulty eating, or swollen gums

Obesity & Joint Issues

Dachshunds gain weight easily, and excess pounds dramatically increase stress on their spine and joints. Obesity raises the risk of IVDD by placing additional pressure on intervertebral discs and can exacerbate joint issues like patellar luxation (sliding kneecap).

Maintain a healthy weight through portion control, appropriate exercise, and limited treats. You should be able to feel your dachshund’s ribs without pressing hard, and they should have a visible waist when viewed from above.

Skin and Coat Conditions

Dachshunds may develop various skin issues, particularly allergies that manifest as itching, redness, or recurrent ear infections. Food sensitivities, environmental allergies, or contact irritants may trigger these reactions.

Long-haired and wire-haired varieties need regular grooming to prevent matting, which can lead to skin irritation. All coat types benefit from occasional baths using gentle, dog-specific shampoos that don’t strip natural oils.

Diabetes

Dachshunds have higher rates of diabetes mellitus compared to some other breeds. Warning signs include increased thirst and urination, weight loss despite normal or increased appetite, and lethargy.

Regular veterinary blood work helps catch diabetes early when it’s most manageable. Treatment typically involves insulin therapy, dietary management, and regular monitoring. Maintaining a healthy weight significantly reduces diabetes risk.

Cushing’s Disease

Cushing’s disease (hyperadrenocorticism) occurs when the body produces excessive cortisol hormone. Dachshunds are among the breeds more commonly affected by this condition.

Symptoms include increased thirst and urination, pot-bellied appearance, hair loss, and skin changes. Diagnosis requires specific blood tests, and treatment options include medication or, in some cases, surgery to remove an adrenal tumor.

Living with a Dachshund

Creating a good environment for dachshunds means understanding their physical limitations and behavioral tendencies. These adaptable dogs can thrive in various living situations, from apartments to houses with yards, provided their specific needs are met.

Dachshunds adapt well to apartment living thanks to their small size, though their tendency to bark requires management through training and adequate stimulation. They don’t need a large yard, but they do enjoy outdoor exploration in secure areas. Their digging instinct means gardens should be protected if you want to maintain your landscaping.

Home modifications that benefit dachshunds include:

• Ramps or steps to access furniture safely
• Gates to block stairways (or teaching them to wait to be carried)
• Secure fencing with reinforcement at the bottom to prevent digging escapes
• Comfortable bedding that supports their long spine

Temperature consideration matters for dachshunds, particularly smooth-coated varieties who have little insulation. They’re sensitive to cold and may need sweaters or coats during winter outings. In hot weather, prevent overheating by walking during cooler hours and providing plenty of shade and water.

Dachshunds are social creatures who form strong bonds with their families. They typically do best in homes where someone is present most of the day, as they can develop separation anxiety if left alone for long periods. If your schedule requires extended absences, consider a dog walker or doggy daycare to break up their alone time.

For families with children, proper supervision and education about respectful interaction are essential. Teach children never to pick up a dachshund improperly, as this can injure their backs. When properly socialized, many dachshunds enjoy gentle play with kids, though some may prefer a quieter household.

Dachshund Pros and Cons

When considering adding a dachshund to your family, weighing the dachshund pros and cons helps ensure they’re the right fit for your lifestyle and expectations.

Pros of Dachshunds

1. Personality and Companionship – Dachshunds are affectionate, loyal companions who form strong bonds with their owners. Their expressive faces and entertaining antics make them delightful household members.
2. Size Advantages – Their small stature makes them adaptable to various living situations, including apartments. They’re easy to transport and don’t require large yards.
3. Watchdog Abilities – Despite their small size, they make excellent watchdogs with their alert nature and surprisingly deep bark.
4. Longevity – With proper care, dachshunds often live 12-16 years, providing a long-lasting companionship.
5. Moderate Exercise Needs – While they enjoy activity, they don’t require extensive exercise like some larger or more energetic breeds.
6. Coat Varieties – With three coat types to choose from, you can select a dachshund that matches your grooming preferences and aesthetic taste.

Cons of Dachshunds

1. Health Concerns – Their unique body structure predisposes them to back problems, particularly IVDD, which can be expensive to treat and potentially life-altering.
2. Training Challenges – Their independent, sometimes stubborn nature can make training more time-consuming than with more eager-to-please breeds.
3. Behavioral Issues – Some dachshunds are prone to excessive barking, separation anxiety, and a strong prey drive that can make them difficult to manage off-leash.
4. Housetraining Difficulties – Many dachshunds take longer to housetrain than other breeds, requiring extra patience and consistency.
5. Special Care Requirements – Their backs need protection throughout their lives, necessitating furniture modifications, careful handling, and vigilance.

Facts and Trivia

Dachshund dog facts extend beyond their practical qualities to include fascinating historical and cultural significance. These unique dogs have captured human imagination for centuries, appearing in art, literature, and popular culture.

Fun facts about dachshunds that surprise many people include:

• Despite their small size, they were bred to hunt fierce badgers—their name literally means “badger dog” in German
• Their exceptional sense of smell makes them excellent tracking dogs
• Dachshunds have the 4th strongest bite force relative to their size of all dog breeds
• Famous dachshund owners throughout history include Pablo Picasso, Andy Warhol, and Queen Victoria
• The first cloned pet in the UK was a dachshund named “Mini Winnie” in 2014
• They were once bred in miniature sizes (5-pound “rabbit dachshunds”) specifically to hunt rabbits and weasels

Conclusion

The dachshund stands as one of the most recognizable and beloved dog breeds worldwide, combining a distinctive appearance with a spirited personality. Their long bodies, short legs, and expressive faces instantly capture attention, while their loyal, playful nature wins hearts.

These versatile companions adapt well to various living situations, from city apartments to country homes, making them accessible to different lifestyles. Their moderate exercise needs and manageable size further enhance their appeal for many households.

For those willing to accommodate their special needs, dachshunds reward with unwavering loyalty, entertaining antics, and affectionate companionship. They excel as watchdogs, playmates, and devoted family members who form deep bonds with their people.